IIT JAM 2027 Syllabus and Exam Pattern — Seven Papers
Syllabus
JAM 2027 is a computer-based test with seven independent papers — Biotechnology, Chemistry, Economics, Geology, Mathematical Statistics, Mathematics and Physics — held on 14 February 2027 in two sessions, FN 9:30 - 12:30 and AN 2:30 - 5:30. Every paper has three sections: Section A carries multiple choice questions with negative marking, Section B carries multiple select questions with no negative marking, and Section C carries numerical answer type questions. This page carries all 115 topic entries of the seven official syllabus documents.
Open the Official Syllabus PageThe PDF opens on the official site. Every topic in it is explained in plain language below — you do not have to open the PDF to read the syllabus.
Compiled from the official syllabus · check it against the official link
IIT Kharagpur is running JAM 2027, and these are the dates it has published ↑
The Joint Admission Test for Masters is the entrance test for postgraduate science programmes at the IITs, and the organising institute rotates. For JAM 2027 it is the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, and jam.iitkgp.ac.in is therefore the only website that speaks for this cycle.
Four dates are published on the institute's own home page, and they are reproduced below exactly as the site prints them. The site also says the application portal for JAM 2027 will launched on September 5, 2026, and the portal itself is hosted at joaps.iitb.ac.in.
Two other statements from that page are worth carrying: there are no international centres for JAM 2027 examination, and the home page advertises 3,000 Seats across postgraduate programmes offered by the participating IITs. It does not name those institutes on that page.
| Stage | Date as the official site prints it |
|---|---|
| Registration starts | 5 SEPT 2026 |
| Last date to apply | 12 OCT 2026 |
| Examination date | 14 FEB 2027 — the test schedule page gives it as 14 February 2027 (Sunday) |
| Results | 18 MAR 2027 |
The test pattern: three sections, and only one of them punishes a wrong answer ↑
The syllabus and test pattern page states that the JAM 2027 examination will be conducted as a computer-based test, and that each test paper will consist of three sections namely Section A, Section B and Section C. That structure is identical across all seven papers.
The difference between the three sections is not difficulty — it is what a wrong answer costs you. Read the third column before you decide your guessing policy, because it is the single most useful line on the official page.
| Section | Question type | What the official page says about negative marking |
|---|---|---|
| Section A | Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) | Negative marking is applicable for incorrect answers. The page does not state how much is deducted. |
| Section B | Multiple Select Questions (MSQs) | There is NO negative marking in this section — the page says so in those words. |
| Section C | Numerical Answer Type (NAT) questions; answers should be entered using the virtual keyboard | The page makes no statement either way for this section. Do not assume. |
| Instruction printed on the official page | What it means on the day |
|---|---|
| There is provision for using an online virtual calculator. | You do not carry a calculator and you cannot use your own. Practise with an on-screen calculator before the exam. |
| Mobile phones and electronic devices are not permitted. | Leave them outside the hall. This includes smart watches and any wireless device. |
| Carry a valid Admit Card and Photo ID. | Both, not either. An admit card without photo identification is not enough. |
| Reach the examination centre before reporting time. | Reporting time is earlier than the start time printed in the schedule. |
| Candidates must follow all instructions given by the invigilator. | Instructions given in the hall override anything you read beforehand. |
| Violation of examination rules may lead to cancellation. | Cancellation of the candidature, not a warning. |
Seven papers, two sessions, one day — and the rule about sitting two ↑
The test schedule page states that JAM 2027 will be conducted in two sessions on 14 February 2027 (Sunday), and prints which papers fall in which session. Both sessions run three hours — that duration is our own subtraction from the start and end times below, not a figure the page prints.
Then comes the rule that decides your application: a candidate can appear in either one or two Test Papers, however two Test Papers can be selected only if they are scheduled in different sessions. In plain terms, you may combine any one paper from the forenoon row with any one from the afternoon row, and no other pairing is possible.
| Session | Timing as printed | Test Papers in that session |
|---|---|---|
| Forenoon | FN 9:30 - 12:30 | Chemistry (CY), Geology (GG), Mathematics (MA) |
| Afternoon | AN 2:30 - 5:30 | Biotechnology (BT), Economics (EN), Mathematical Statistics (MS), Physics (PH) |
Who can appear, in the eligibility page's own words ↑
The eligibility criteria page is short, and it says this: candidates who have completed their undergraduate degree or are appearing for the final examination of their qualifying degree in 2027 are eligible to appear for JAM 2027.
It then adds two conditions that apply to admission rather than to the test itself. The undergraduate programme should have been completed before the date of admission of the respective Admitting Institute; and proof of having passed the qualifying degree with the required eligibility, as specified by the respective Admitting Institute, must be submitted within the prescribed timeline.
Notice what that page does not contain: no age limit, no attempt limit, no minimum percentage, and no subject requirement tying a degree to a paper. It says the required eligibility is specified by the respective Admitting Institute — so those rules exist institute by institute, not on this page.
The seven official syllabus PDFs, and how much is in each ↑
JAM is not one syllabus. It is seven independent documents, one per test paper, published as separate PDFs on the syllabus page. The counts in the last column are ours — we read each document and counted its named topic entries, which is what the rest of this page reproduces in full.
Only two of the seven state anything about internal weighting: Mathematical Statistics prints a 25% and 75% split between its mathematics and statistics halves, and Biotechnology names the level of each of its four subjects. The other five give no weighting at all.
| Test paper | Official syllabus PDF on jam.iitkgp.ac.in | Topic entries carried below (our count) |
|---|---|---|
| Biotechnology (BT) | docs/bt_2027_syllabus.pdf | 20 |
| Chemistry (CY) | docs/cy_2027_syllabus.pdf | 24 |
| Economics (EN) | docs/en_2027_syllabus.pdf | 34 |
| Geology (GG) | docs/gg_2027_syllabus.pdf | 9 |
| Mathematics (MA) | docs/ma_2027_syllabus.pdf | 9 |
| Mathematical Statistics (MS) | docs/ms_2027_syllabus.pdf | 12 |
| Physics (PH) | docs/ph_2027_syllabus.pdf | 7 |
| All seven papers | linked from jam.iitkgp.ac.in/syllabus.html | 115 |
At a glance
| Official Website | jam.iitkgp.ac.in |
| Exam Date | February 14, 2027 (Sunday) |
Mathematics (MA) — all nine syllabus entries ↑
The Mathematics paper is the shortest syllabus of the seven — one page, three sections, nine named entries — and that shortness is the trap. Every entry is a whole undergraduate course compressed into a line, so the paper tests depth rather than breadth.
The left column below is the official wording from the Mathematics syllabus PDF at jam.iitkgp.ac.in/docs/ma_2027_syllabus.pdf, entry by entry. The right column is our reading of what each entry actually asks for.
| Section | What the official syllabus lists | What it covers and how to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Section 1 | Sequences and Series of Real Numbers: Convergence of sequences, bounded and monotone sequences, Cauchy sequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, absolute convergence, tests of convergence for series– comparison test, ratio test, root test; Power series (of one real variable), radius and interval of convergence, term-wise differentiation and integration of power series. | Real analysis begins here, and so does the paper's habit of asking one-line true-or-false questions that hide a counterexample. Learn each convergence test by the situation it settles, not by its statement, and keep a standing list of the sequences that break careless claims. |
| Section 1 | Functions of One Real Variable: Limit, continuity, intermediate value property, differentiation, Rolle's Theorem, mean value theorem, L'Hospital rule, Taylor's theorem, Taylor's series, maxima and minima, Riemann integration (definite integrals and their properties), fundamental theorem of calculus. | The single-variable calculus you already know, examined at proof level. The mean value theorems and the intermediate value property are the two tools the paper reaches for again and again, usually to prove a root exists rather than to find it. |
| Section 2 | Functions of Two or Three Real Variables: Limit, continuity, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima. | The shortest entry in the whole syllabus and a reliable source of questions. Limits along different paths, the gap between partial derivatives existing and the function being differentiable, and constrained maxima are where marks are won and lost. |
| Section 2 | Integral Calculus: Double and triple integrals, change of order of integration, calculating surface areas and volumes using double integrals, calculating volumes using triple integrals. | Almost every question here is decided before you integrate, at the moment you draw the region and choose the order. Practise sketching the region first and changing the order second; the algebra afterwards is routine. |
| Section 2 | Differential Equations: Bernoulli's equation, exact differential equations, integrating factors, orthogonal trajectories, homogeneous differential equations, method of separation of variables, linear differential equations of second order with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation. | A recognition exercise: nine named methods, and the examinable skill is matching an equation to its method within seconds. Build a one-page decision chart and drill it until the classification is automatic. |
| Section 3 | Basic algebra: Permutations and Combinations, Binomial Theorem | School-level algebra, listed because it underpins the counting arguments used in the group theory entry. It is the only entry the syllabus leaves without a full stop, and the only one you can finish in a weekend. |
| Section 3 | Matrices: Systems of linear equations, rank, nullity, rank-nullity theorem, inverse, determinant, eigenvalues, eigenvectors. | Computational and dependable — the part of the paper where careful arithmetic simply pays. Eigenvalue questions are frequent, so be fluent with the characteristic polynomial and with what repeated roots do to the eigenvectors. |
| Section 3 | Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces: Linear independence of vectors, basis, dimension, linear transformations, matrix representation, range space, null space, rank-nullity theorem. | The same rank-nullity theorem appears here and in the matrices entry, and that repetition is the syllabus telling you where it will ask. Learn to move freely between a linear map and its matrix in a chosen basis. |
| Section 3 | Groups: cyclic groups, abelian groups, non-abelian groups, permutation groups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, Lagrange's theorem for finite groups, group homomorphisms. | Abstract algebra, and the entry most candidates leave last. Lagrange's theorem plus the small permutation groups answer a surprising share of the questions, so work through those concretely before touching the general theory. |
Physics (PH) — all seven syllabus sections ↑
The Physics syllabus runs to seven sections over two pages and, unlike Mathematics, it names its topics in dense strings rather than short headings. Nothing here is optional: the paper draws from all seven.
The left column is the official wording from jam.iitkgp.ac.in/docs/ph_2027_syllabus.pdf, section by section. Read the right column as a plan, not a summary.
| Section | What the official syllabus lists | What it covers and how to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Section 1 | Mathematical Methods: Calculus of single and multiple variables, Partial derivatives, Jacobian, imperfect and perfect differentials, Taylor expansion, Fourier series, Vector algebra, Vector Calculus, Multiple integrals, Divergence theorem, Green's theorem, Stokes' theorem. First order equations and linear second-order differential equations with constant coefficients. Matrices and determinants, Complex numbers, Error analysis of Experimental Data: Significant digits and rounding of numbers, Types of errors, mean, median, standard deviation | This is the toolkit the other six sections use, so finish it first or every later chapter costs double. The error-analysis clause at the end is the one part unique to this section and the one most candidates skip — it is short, self-contained and regularly asked. |
| Section 2 | Mechanics and General Properties of Matter: Newton's laws of motion and applications, Velocity and acceleration in Cartesian, polar and cylindrical coordinate systems, uniformly rotating frame, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Motion under a central force, Kepler's laws, Gravitational Law and field, Conservative and nonconservative forces. System of particles, Center of mass, equation of motion of the CM, conservation of linear and angular momentum, conservation of energy, variable mass systems. Elastic and inelastic collisions. Rigid body motion, fixed axis rotations, rotation and translation, moments of Inertia and products of Inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorem, Principal moments and axes. Kinematics of moving fluids, equation of continuity, Euler's equation, Bernoulli's theorem. | The longest section and the one that rewards drilling. Rotating frames, central forces and rigid-body rotation are the three clusters that produce most of the questions; the fluids clause at the end is small but is asked often enough to be worth a day. |
| Section 3 | Oscillations, Waves and Optics: Differential equation for simple harmonic oscillator and its general solution. Superposition of two or more simple harmonic oscillators. Lissajous figures. Damped and forced oscillations, resonance. Wave equation, traveling and standing waves in one dimension. Energy density and energy transmission in waves. Group velocity and phase velocity. Sound waves in media. Doppler Effect. Fermat's Principle. General theory of image formation. Interference of light, optical path retardation. Fraunhofer diffraction. Rayleigh criterion and resolving power. Diffraction gratings. Polarization: linear, circular and elliptic polarization. Double refraction and optical rotation. | Two subjects inside one section: oscillations and waves, then physical optics. Damped and forced oscillation with resonance, and the interference-diffraction-polarization run, are the reliable question sources. Note the syllabus limits diffraction to Fraunhofer. |
| Section 4 | Electricity and Magnetism: Coulomb's law, Electric field and potential, Gauss's law, Electrostatic boundary conditions, Solution of Laplace's equation for simple cases – upto two dimensions Conductors, capacitors, Linear dielectrics, dielectric polarization, volume and surface bound charges, electrostatic energy. Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents. Simple DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components. Displacement current, Maxwell's equations and plane electromagnetic waves, Poynting vector, Poynting's theorem, Energy of Electromagnetic fields. Reflection and refraction at a dielectric interface, transmission and reflection coefficients (normal incidence only). Lorentz Force and motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. | Read the two limits the syllabus itself sets: Laplace's equation only up to two dimensions, and reflection coefficients only at normal incidence. Everything from Maxwell's equations onward is standard and heavily examined. |
| Section 5 | Kinetic Theory, Thermodynamics: Elements of Kinetic theory of gases. Velocity distribution and Equipartition of energy. Specific heat of Mono-, di- and tri-atomic gases. Ideal gas, van-der-Waals gas and equation of state. Mean free path. Laws of thermodynamics. Zeroth law and concept of thermal equilibrium. First law and its consequences. Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Reversible, irreversible and quasi-static processes. Second law and entropy. Carnot cycle. Maxwell's thermodynamic relations and simple applications. Thermodynamic potentials and their applications. Phase transitions and Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Ideas of ensembles, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions. | The most formula-dense section in the paper. Maxwell's thermodynamic relations and the thermodynamic potentials are worth deriving once by hand rather than memorising, because the paper asks you to pick the right relation, not to recite it. |
| Section 6 | Modern Physics: Inertial frames and Galilean invariance. Postulates of special relativity. Lorentz transformations. Length contraction, time dilation. Relativistic velocity addition theorem, mass energy equivalence. Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Bohr's atomic model, X-rays. Wave-particle duality, Uncertainty principle, the superposition principle, calculation of expectation values, Schrödinger equation and its solution for one, two and three dimensional boxes. Solution of Schrödinger equation for the one dimensional harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission at a step potential, Pauli exclusion principle. Structure of atomic nucleus, mass and binding energy. Radioactivity and its applications. Laws of radioactive decay. | Three blocks in one: special relativity, early quantum theory, then quantum mechanics and the nucleus. The particle-in-a-box solutions and the step potential are the calculations to have at your fingertips; relativity questions are usually short and numerical. |
| Section 7 | Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics: Crystal structure, Bravais lattices and basis. Miller indices. X-ray diffraction and Bragg's law; Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, variation of resistivity with temperature. Fermi level. p-n junction diode, I-V characteristics, Zener diode and its applications, BJT: characteristics in CB, CE, CC modes. Single stage amplifier, two stage R-C coupled amplifiers. Simple Oscillators: Barkhausen condition, sinusoidal oscillators. OP-AMP and applications: Inverting and non-inverting amplifier. Boolean algebra: Binary number systems; conversion from one system to another system; binary addition and subtraction. Logic Gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR exclusive OR; Truth tables; combination of gates; de Morgan's theorem. | Half solid state, half electronics, and the electronics half is the more scoring of the two because the questions are procedural. Crystal structure with Miller indices and Bragg's law, then diodes, the BJT configurations and digital logic, will cover most of what is asked. |
Chemistry (CY) — all 24 numbered syllabus entries ↑
Chemistry is the most finely divided syllabus of the seven: four sections, and the last three of them numbered down to the sub-topic — 2.1 to 2.10 for Physical, 3.1 to 3.5 for Organic, 4.1 to 4.8 for Inorganic. That numbering is a gift, because it tells you exactly how the paper's setters carve the subject up.
One thing to notice before you start: Physical Chemistry has ten numbered entries against Organic's five, and the syllabus opens with a Basic Mathematical Concepts section at 10+2 level. The official wording below is from jam.iitkgp.ac.in/docs/cy_2027_syllabus.pdf.
| Section | What the official syllabus lists | What it covers and how to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Section 1 | Basic Mathematical Concepts (10+2 Level): Functions; maxima and minima; integrals; ordinary differential equations; vectors and matrices; determinants; elementary statistics. | School mathematics, listed first because the Physical Chemistry section leans on it constantly — the quantum entry needs complex numbers and maxima, thermodynamics needs partial derivatives. Do not treat it as filler. |
| Section 2.1 | Atomic and Molecular Structure: Planck's black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Bohr's theory, de Broglie postulate, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle; Schrodinger's wave equation (including mathematical treatment), postulates of quantum mechanics, normalized and orthogonal wave functions, its complex conjugate (idea of complex numbers) and significance of psi-squared; Operators; Particle in one-dimension box, radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom, radial probability distribution; Finding maxima of distribution functions (idea of maxima and minima), energy spectrum of hydrogen atom; Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals; Pauli's Exclusion Principle; Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity. | Note the bracket the syllabus itself adds — including mathematical treatment. That single phrase means the wave equation is examinable as algebra, not as a story. Particle in a box and the hydrogen radial functions are the two standard calculations. |
| Section 2.2 | Gaseous State: Kinetic molecular model of a gas: collision frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of gases; Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution: molecular velocities, law of equipartition of energy, molecular basis of heat capacities; Ideal gases, and deviations from ideal gas behaviour, van der Waals equation of state; critical state, law of corresponding states. | A compact, formula-driven entry that reliably yields numerical questions. Know the three characteristic velocities and the critical constants in terms of the van der Waals parameters cold. |
| Section 2.3 | Liquid State: Physical properties of Liquid, vapour pressure, surface tension and co-efficient of viscosity and their applications; effect of concentration of solutes on surface tension and viscosity; effect of temperature on viscosity of liquids. | The shortest entry in the Physical section — three clauses, all about how vapour pressure, surface tension and viscosity respond to what you dissolve in a liquid and how hot you make it. A day's work, and it is asked. |
| Section 2.4 | Solid State: Unit Cells, Miller indices, crystal systems and Bravais Lattices, elementary applications of vectors to crystal systems; X-ray diffraction, Bragg's Law, Structure of NaCl, CsCl, and KCl, diamond, and graphite; Close packing in metals and metal compounds, semiconductors, insulators; Defects in crystals, lattice energy; isomorphism; heat capacity of solids. | Structure-drawing and counting, so it rewards practice with a pencil rather than reading. The syllabus names five structures explicitly — NaCl, CsCl, KCl, diamond and graphite — and those five are the ones to be able to draw and count from memory. |
| Section 2.5 | Chemical Thermodynamics: Mathematical treatment: Exact and in-exact differentials, partial derivatives, Euler's reciprocity, cyclic rule; Reversible and irreversible processes; Laws of thermodynamics, thermochemistry, thermodynamic functions, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, their properties and applications; Partial molar quantities, dependence of thermodynamic parameters on composition, Gibbs Duhem equation, chemical potential and its applications. | The entry opens with Mathematical treatment for a reason: exact differentials and Euler's reciprocity are examined as mathematics. Partial molar quantities and chemical potential are where this entry stops being school thermodynamics. |
| Section 2.6 | Chemical and Phase Equilibria: Law of mass action; Kp, Kc, Kx and Kn; Effect of temperature on K; Le-Chatelier principle; Ionic equilibria in solutions; pH and buffer solutions; Salt hydrolysis; Solubility and solubility product; Acid-base titration curves; Indicators; Dilute solutions; Raoult's and Henry's Laws and their applications; Colligative properties; Gibbs phase rule; Phase equilibria; single and two-component phase diagrams. | Two topics sharing one entry: equilibrium in solution, then phase equilibria. The four equilibrium constants and the relations between them are asked directly, and two-component phase diagrams are asked as reading exercises, so practise interpreting the diagram rather than memorising one. |
| Section 2.7 | Electrochemistry: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their properties; Kohlrausch law; Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation; Ionic velocities, mobilities, transference numbers; Applications of conductance measurement; Quantitative aspects of Faraday's laws of electrolysis, applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and industry; Electromotive force of a cell, Nernst equation; Standard electrode potential, Electrochemical series; Concentration cells with and without transference; Applications of EMF measurements including potentiometric titrations. | Half conductance, half electrode potential, and the Nernst equation sits at the join. Concentration cells with and without transference are the classic trap — know which one carries the transference number before you write the formula. |
| Section 2.8 | Chemical Kinetics: Order and molecularity of a reaction, differential and integrated form of rate expressions; Kinetics of opposing, parallel, and consecutive reactions; Steady state approximation in reaction mechanisms; Chain reactions; Uni-molecular reaction (Lindemann mechanism); Temperature dependence of reaction rates, Arrhenius equation; activation energy; Collision theory of reaction rates; Types of catalysts, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces; Enzyme catalysis (Michaelis-Menten mechanism, Double reciprocal plot), Acid-base catalysis. | The steady-state approximation is the single technique that unlocks most of this entry — Lindemann, chain reactions and Michaelis-Menten all use it. Learn it as a method, then apply it to each named mechanism in turn. |
| Section 2.9 | Adsorption: Gibbs adsorption equation; adsorption isotherm; types of adsorption; surface area of adsorbents; surface films on liquids. | Five clauses, and the smallest entry in Physical Chemistry. The isotherms and the distinction between physisorption and chemisorption are what actually get asked; the rest is background. |
| Section 2.10 | Spectroscopy: Beer-Lambert's law; fundamental concepts of rotational, vibrational, electronic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | One line, and the syllabus says fundamental concepts — selection rules and the energy scale of each technique, not spectral interpretation. Read it alongside entry 3.3, where spectroscopy returns as a structure-solving tool. |
| Section 3.1 | Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry and Stereochemistry: Electronic effects (resonance, inductive, hyperconjugation) and steric effects and its applications (acid/base property); optical isomerism in compounds with and without any stereocenters (allenes, biphenyls); conformation of acyclic systems (substituted ethane/n-propane/n-butane) and cyclic systems, substituted cyclohexanes, and polycyclic (cis and trans decalins) systems. | The foundation for everything in Section 3, and the part that decides whether the mechanism entry feels obvious or impossible. The syllabus names allenes and biphenyls specifically because chirality without a stereocentre is a favourite question. |
| Section 3.2 | Organic Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Applications: Chemistry of reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes, benzynes); nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions and mechanisms; Hofmann-Curtius-Lossen rearrangement, Wolff rearrangement, Simmons-Smith reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Michael reaction, Darzens reaction, Wittig reaction and McMurry reaction; Pinacol-pinacolone, Favorskii, benzilic acid rearrangement, Baeyer-Villeger reaction; oxidation and reduction reactions in organic chemistry; Organometallic reagents in organic synthesis (Grignard, organolithium, organocopper and organozinc (Reformatsky only); Diels-Alder, electrocyclic and sigmatropic reactions; functional group inter-conversions and structural problems using chemical reactions. | The largest single entry in the Chemistry syllabus, and it is a named-reaction list — roughly fifteen reactions called by name plus the pericyclic set. Build a card for each: substrate, reagent, what migrates or attacks, product. Note the syllabus restricts organozinc to Reformatsky. |
| Section 3.3 | Qualitative Organic Analysis: Identification of functional groups by chemical tests; elementary UV, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques as tools for structural elucidation of simple organic molecules. | Two skills: wet tests for functional groups, and reading a spectrum to name a structure. The word elementary is the syllabus setting its own ceiling — characteristic IR bands and simple proton NMR splitting, not full spectral analysis. |
| Section 3.4 | Natural Products Chemistry: Chemistry of alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and nucleic acids. | Seven classes named in one line, which makes this entry easy to under-prepare. Structure and the reactions each class is known for is the level asked; the carbohydrate and amino acid parts overlap with Biotechnology's Biochemistry entry. |
| Section 3.5 | Aromatic and Heterocyclic Chemistry: Monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and monocyclic compounds with one hetero atom: synthesis, reactivity and properties, aromaticity; Electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. | Read the limit the syllabus draws: monocyclic heterocycles with one hetero atom. Aromaticity rules and the directing effects in electrophilic substitution are the two things asked in almost every form. |
| Section 4.1 | Periodic Table: Periodic classification of elements, Aufbau's principle, periodicity; Variations of orbital energy, effective nuclear charge, atomic, covalent, and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, and electronegativity with atomic number, electronic configuration of diatomic molecules (first and second row elements). | Trend questions, and they are almost always about the exception rather than the trend. Learn why each anomaly happens — half-filled stability, poor shielding by d electrons — instead of memorising ordered lists. |
| Section 4.2 | Extractions of Metals: General methods of isolation and purification of elements; Principles and applications of Ellingham diagram. | A short entry with one graph at its centre. If you can read an Ellingham diagram and say which reductant works at which temperature, you have most of what this entry can ask. |
| Section 4.3 | Chemical Bonding and shapes of molecules: Ionic bond: Packing of ions in crystals, radius ratio rule, Born-Lande equation, Kapustinskii expression, Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy, polarizing power and polarizability; Fajan's rules; Covalent bond: Lewis structure, valence bond theory. Hybridization, molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic molecules and ions; Multiple bonding (sigma and pi bond approach) and bond lengths; van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole interactions, induced dipole interactions, instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding; Effect of intermolecular forces on melting and boiling points, solubility energetics of dissolution process; Bond dipole, dipole moment, and molecular polarizabilities; VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules; ionic solids. | The largest Inorganic entry, covering ionic bonding, covalent bonding, intermolecular forces and shapes in one run. Molecular orbital diagrams and VSEPR shapes are the two skills asked most; the Born-Haber cycle is the standard numerical. |
| Section 4.4 | Main Group Elements (s and p blocks): Reactions of alkali and alkaline earth metals with oxygen, hydrogen and water; Alkali and alkaline earth metals in liquid ammonia; Gradation in properties of main group element in a group; Inert pair effect; Synthesis, structure and properties of diborane, ammonia, silane, phosphine and hydrogen sulphide; Allotropes of carbon; Oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur; Oxoacids of phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine; Halides of silicon and phosphorus; Synthesis and properties of borazine, silicone and phosphazene; Synthesis and reactions of xenon fluorides. | Descriptive inorganic chemistry, which means it is memory work — but structured memory. The oxoacids and the xenon fluorides are the two clusters where structure questions concentrate, so draw them rather than reading them. |
| Section 4.5 | Transition Metals (d block): Characteristics of d-block elements; oxide, hydroxide and salts of first row metals; coordination complexes: structure, isomerism, reaction mechanism and electronic spectra; VB, MO and crystal field theoretical approaches for structure, color and magnetic properties of metal complexes; Organometallic compounds with metal-ligand single and multiple bonds (such as metal carbonyls, metal nitrosyls and metallocenes); Homogenous catalysis involving Wilkinson's catalyst. | Coordination chemistry is the reliable scoring block of the Inorganic section. Crystal field theory explaining colour and magnetism, and the isomerism of octahedral complexes, are asked in some form nearly every year. |
| Section 4.6 | Bioinorganic Chemistry: Essentials and trace elements of life; basic reactions in the biological systems and the role of metal ions, especially Fe2+, and Zn2+; structure and function of myoglobin, hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase. | Three named systems and two named metal ions — a small, closed entry that is worth finishing properly because the question, when it comes, is usually direct. |
| Section 4.7 | Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Basic principles; instrumentations and simple applications of conductometry, potentiometry and UV-vis spectrophotometry; analyses of water, air and soil samples. | Three techniques and three sample types. The syllabus says basic principles and simple applications, so the titration curves each technique produces matter more than instrument internals. |
| Section 4.8 | Analytical Chemistry: Principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis; Acid-base, oxidation-reduction and complexometric titrations using EDTA; Precipitation reactions; Use and types of indicators; Use of organic reagents in inorganic analysis; Radioactivity, nuclear reactions, applications of isotopes; Mathematical treatment in error analysis, elementary statistics and probability theory. | Two unrelated halves share this entry: classical analysis with titrations, and then radioactivity and error statistics. The error-analysis clause connects straight back to Section 1, and is the part most candidates never revise. |
Biotechnology (BT) — all 20 syllabus entries across four subjects ↑
Biotechnology is the only JAM paper whose syllabus opens by telling you it is four subjects at once. The PDF's own first line reads: the Biotechnology (BT) Test Paper comprises Biology / Biotechnology, Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics.
The split is not even, and the syllabus marks the level of each: Chemistry is set at 10+2+3 level, Mathematics and Physics at 10+2 level, while the three biology sections carry no such cap and are examined at degree level. Sections 1 to 3 hold twelve of the twenty entries; Sections 4 to 6 hold the remaining eight and are school revision.
| Section | What the official syllabus lists | What it covers and how to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Section 1 | Cell Biology: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Membrane structure and function; Organelles and internal organization of the eukaryotic cell; Cell communication – signalling pathways: endocrine and paracrine signalling; Extracellular matrix and apoptosis; Cell cycle – stages of mitosis and meiosis. | The paper's usual opening ground, and the questions are mostly recognition: which organelle, which stage, which signalling route. Mitosis and meiosis stage-by-stage is the one part worth over-learning because it is asked as a diagram or a sequence. |
| Section 1 | Biochemistry: Structure and function of biological macromolecules; Enzymes – basic mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and regulation, Hill coefficient, Michaelis-Menten kinetics, enzyme inhibition, vitamins as coenzymes; Bioenergetics – free-energy change, high-energy compounds, biological oxidation-reduction reactions and reduction potential; Metabolism – glycolysis, TCA cycle and their regulation, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, urea cycle. | The most calculation-heavy biology entry: Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the Hill coefficient are numerical, and the metabolic pathways are asked for their yields and control points. Learn the regulation steps, not just the sequence of the pathway. |
| Section 1 | Genetics: Mendelian inheritance; Exception to Mendelian law of independent assortment; Genetic interactions, linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping, Chromosomal mutations; Genetic disorders; Population Genetics | Problem-solving rather than recall. Chromosome mapping from recombination frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg calculations in population genetics are the two things to be able to do quickly with a pen. |
| Section 1 | Molecular Biology: Landmark experiments that established DNA is the genetic material; DNA replication; Proof-reading and repair of DNA; DNA recombination; Transcription; RNA processing; Translation; Regulation of gene expression including operons and differential gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes. | The syllabus asks for the landmark experiments by name, which means Griffith, Avery, and Hershey-Chase are examinable as experimental design and not merely as history. The operon is the standard regulation question. |
| Section 1 | Evolution and Ecology: Darwinian view – natural selection, fossil record and descent with modification; Different types of speciation; Phylogenetic classification; Origin of life – abiotic synthesis of biological macromolecules, protocell, dating fossils and origin of multicellularity; Climate patterns; Terrestrial and aquatic biomes; Environmental constraints on species distribution; Factors affecting population density; Interactions among communities; Ecosystems; Ecological remediation. | Two subjects again — evolution, then ecology — and ecology is the more scoring half because its questions are definitional. Speciation types and community interactions are the two lists worth tabulating. |
| Section 2 | Microbiology: Microbial genetics - transformation, conjugation and transduction; Structural features of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa; Pathogenic microorganisms; Nutrition-based classification of microbes; Microbial metabolism; Isolation and Cultivation of microorganisms; Growth kinetics; Microbial control and sterilization; Microbial fermentation – batch, fed-batch and continuous; Bioreactor and its components; Introduction to downstream processing - product recovery and purification; Effluent treatment. | This entry alone spans classical microbiology and bioprocess engineering. Growth kinetics is numerical; the three fermentation modes and the bioreactor components are the industrial half and are asked as comparisons. |
| Section 2 | Plant Biology: Types of tissues and organs; Primary and secondary growth; Morphogenesis; Transport in vascular plants; Plant nutrition; Development of flowering plants – gametophytic and sporophytic generations; Plant growth regulators; Photobiology; Plant Tissue Culture – Cellular totipotency and microporopagation; Transgenic plants; Plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. | Half plant physiology, half plant biotechnology. Tissue culture with totipotency, and transgenic plants, are the two entries that connect this section to the Biotechniques section later, so read them together. |
| Section 2 | Animal Biology: Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous, reproductive and endocrine systems; Basics of immunology – Innate and adaptive immunity, Immune cells, immunoglobulins and major histocompatibility complexes; Animal development – Fertilization, embryonic pattern formation, cleavage, gastrulation, cellular differentiation and morphogenesis; Mammalian cell culture, animal cloning; Transgenic animals. | Seven organ systems, immunology and developmental biology in one entry — the widest single item in the paper. Immunology is the part that repays depth; the organ systems are asked at textbook level. |
| Section 3 | Biochemical and Microscopy Techniques: Chromatography; Centrifugation; Electrophoresis; ELISA, Western blotting and immunostaining; Principles of light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. | A technique list, and the examinable question is always which technique separates or detects what, on what principle. Build one comparison table for the separation methods and another for the microscopies. |
| Section 3 | Molecular Biology Techniques: DNA cloning – plasmid vectors, and restriction enzymes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Expression of cloned eukaryotic genes in bacteria; Hybridization techniques; DNA sequencing; Recombinant DNA technology in medicine, agriculture and forensic sciences. | The core of what the word biotechnology means in this paper. Cloning strategy questions — which vector, which enzyme, which order of steps — are common, so practise designing a cloning experiment rather than listing its parts. |
| Section 3 | Computational Biology: Bioinformatics; Sequence and structure databases; DNA, RNA and protein sequence analysis; Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; Biochemical databases. | A short entry that most candidates read once and never revise. Know what each major database holds and what an alignment score means; that level answers nearly everything asked here. |
| Section 3 | Instrumental Techniques – Spectroscopy: fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, emission and absorption spectroscopy, UV-Vis, circular dichroism, FTIR and 1-D proton NMR spectroscopy, basics of mass spectrometry; Basics of calorimetry; Basic concepts of crystallography; Flowcytometry. | The most physical-chemistry-like entry in the paper, and the one where a Chemistry background pays off. Circular dichroism and flow cytometry are the two items candidates most often have never met — cover them deliberately. |
| Section 4 | Structure and properties of Atoms: Bohr's theory; Periodicity in properties. | The Chemistry section is set at 10+2+3 level and starts with the shortest entry in the whole paper. Two clauses, both school-level, both quick to revise. |
| Section 4 | Bonding in molecules: Chemical bonding; Complex formation; Physical and chemical basis of molecular interactions. | Bonding at school level plus one clause on molecular interactions, which is where it connects to the biology sections — hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects explain protein and DNA structure. |
| Section 4 | Chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and equilibrium: Chemical equilibrium; Chemical thermodynamics (first and second law); and Chemical kinetics (zero and first order reactions). | Read the brackets — the syllabus caps thermodynamics at the first and second laws and kinetics at zero and first order reactions. That ceiling makes this entry small and completely finishable. |
| Section 4 | Physical and chemical properties of compounds: Chemical catalysis; Acid-base concepts; Concepts of pH and buffer; Conjugative effects and resonance; Inductive effects; Electromeric effects; Photochemistry; and Electrochemistry. | A mixed bag where pH and buffers are the highest-value clause, because buffer calculations reappear in the biochemistry questions. The electronic effects prepare you for organic reasoning in the next entry. |
| Section 4 | Chemistry of organic compounds: Hydrocarbons; Alkyl halides; Alcohols; Aldehydes; Ketones; Carboxylic acids; Amines and their derivatives; Aromatic hydrocarbons, halides, nitro and amino compounds, phenols, diazonium salts, carboxylic and sulphonic acids; Soaps and detergents; Stereochemistry of carbon compounds. | A functional-group sweep at school level. Reaction-conversion questions are the usual form, so revise it as a chart of what turns into what rather than as separate chapters. |
| Section 5 | General mathematics: Sets; Relations and Functions; Logarithms; Complex numbers; Linear and Quadratic equations; Sequences and Series; Trigonometry; Cartesian System of Rectangular Coordinates; Straight lines and Family; Three Dimensional Geometry; Permutations and Combinations; Binomial Theorem; Vectors; Matrices and Determinants; Functions; Limits and Continuity; Differentiation; Ordinary Differential Equations; Application of Derivatives; Integration as inverse process of differentiation; Definite and indefinite integrals; Methods of Integration; Integration by parts. | Twenty-three named topics, all at 10+2 level — the longest list in the paper and the easiest to underestimate. Treat it as a board-exam revision: fast, complete, and finished early rather than perfectly. |
| Section 5 | Probability & Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis. | Small and directly examinable. The three named distributions and their means and variances are the whole of it, and they return in the growth-kinetics and genetics questions. |
| Section 6 | General physics: Units and measurements; Motion in one and two dimensions; Laws of motion; Work and kinetic energy; Conservation of energy; System of particles and rotational motion; Mechanical properties of solids and fluids; Thermal properties of matter; Heat and laws of thermodynamics; Kinetic theory of gases; Electric charge and field; Electric potential and capacitance; Current, resistance and simple circuits; Moving charges and magnetic field; Magnetism and matter; Electromagnetic induction; Electromagnetic waves; Alternating currents; Optics: Geometrical Optics – Reflection by spherical mirrors, Refraction at spherical surfaces and lenses, Total internal reflection and Optical instruments; Wave optics – Reflection and refraction of plane waves, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, and Young's experiment: Dual nature of radiation and matter; Atoms, nuclei and nuclear physics; Semiconductor materials, devices and simple circuits. | The entire 10+2 physics course as one entry — mechanics, thermal physics, electromagnetism, optics, modern physics and semiconductors. Numerical fluency matters more than derivations here; it is the last entry of the syllabus and the easiest to leave unfinished. |
Mathematical Statistics (MS) — all 12 sections, and the 25% / 75% split ↑
Mathematical Statistics is the only JAM syllabus that prints its own weighting, and it is the most useful sentence in the whole document. The PDF states that the paper comprises Mathematics (Sections 1-3, about 25% weight) and Statistics (Sections 4-12, about 75% weight).
Read that as a planning instruction. Three sections carry a quarter of the paper; nine sections carry the other three quarters. A candidate who prepares the mathematics beautifully and the statistics thinly has prepared the smaller quarter. Official wording below is from jam.iitkgp.ac.in/docs/ms_2027_syllabus.pdf.
| Section | What the official syllabus lists | What it covers and how to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Section 1 | Sequences and Series of real numbers: Sequences of real numbers, their convergence, and limits. Cauchy sequences and their convergence. Monotonic sequences and their limits. Limits of standard sequences. Limit superior and limit inferior of sequences. Infinite series and its convergence, and divergence. Convergence of series with non-negative terms. Tests for convergence and divergence of a series. Comparison test, limit comparison test, D'Alembert's ratio test, Cauchy's nth root test, Cauchy's condensation test, and integral test. Absolute convergence of series. Leibnitz's test for the convergence of alternating series. Conditional convergence. Convergence of power series and radius of convergence. | Part of the 25% mathematics block. This list is longer and stricter than the Mathematics paper's version of the same topic — limit superior, limit inferior and Cauchy's condensation test appear here and not there. Work test by test. |
| Section 2 | Differential Calculus of one and two real variables, and Integral Calculus. Differential Calculus of one variable: Limits of functions of one real variable. Continuity and differentiability of functions of one real variable. Properties of continuous and differentiable functions of one real variable. Rolle's theorem and Lagrange's mean value theorems. Higher order derivatives, Lebnitz's rule and its applications. Taylor's theorem with Lagrange's and Cauchy's form of remainders. Taylor's and Maclaurin's series of standard functions. Indeterminate forms and L'Hospital's rule. Maxima and minima of functions of one real variable, critical points, local maxima and minima, global maxima and minima, and point of inflection. Differential calculus of two variables: Limits of functions of two real variables. Continuity and differentiability of functions of two real variables. Properties of continuous and differentiable functions of two real variables. Partial differentiation and total differentiation. Lebnitz's rule for successive differentiation. Maxima and minima of functions of two real variables, critical points, Hessian matrix, and saddle points. Constrained optimization techniques (with Lagrange multiplier). Integral Calculus: Fundamental theorems of integral calculus (single integral). Lebnitz's rule and its applications. Differentiation under integral sign. Improper integrals. Beta and Gamma integrals: properties and relationship between them. Double integrals. Change of order of integration. Transformation of variables. Applications of definite integrals. Arc lengths, areas and volumes. | The largest of the three mathematics sections, and the one that feeds the statistics half directly: Beta and Gamma integrals are the machinery behind the Gamma, Beta and chi-square distributions in Sections 5 and 8. Do not treat them as calculus trivia. |
| Section 3 | Matrices and Determinants: Rn and Cn as vector spaces over real field. Span of a set. Linear dependence and independence. Dimension and basis. Null space. Algebra of matrices. Standard matrices (Symmetric and Skew Symmetric matrices, Hermitian and Skew Hermitian matrices, Orthogonal and Unitary matrices, Idempotent and Nilpotent matrices). Definition, properties and applications of determinants. Evaluation of determinants using transformations. Determinant of product of matrices. Singular and non-singular matrices, and their properties. Trace of a matrix. Adjoint and inverse of a matrix, and related properties. Rank and nullity of a matrix, row-rank, column-rank, standard theorems on ranks, rank of the sum and the product of two matrices. Row reduction and echelon forms. Consistent and inconsistent systems of linear equations. Properties of solutions of system of linear equations. Use of determinants in solving the system of linear equations. Cramer's rule. Characteristic roots and Characteristic vectors. Properties of characteristic roots and vectors. Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Quadratic forms, positive definite, positive semi-definite, negative definite, and negative semi-definite matrices, and their simple properties. | The eight named matrix types and the definiteness of quadratic forms are the two clusters to secure, because positive-definiteness returns as the covariance matrix condition in the multivariate distributions section. |
| Section 4 | Descriptive Statistics and Probability. Descriptive Statistics: Concepts of sample and population. Different types of data. Tabular and graphical representation of data. Measures of central tendency (arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median, mode). Measures of dispersion (range, inter quartile range, mean deviation about a point, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation). Moments, central moments, skewness and kurtosis. Bivariate data: Scatter diagram, covariance, simple, partial and multiple correlations (3 variables only), Spearman's rank correlation. Probability: Random Experiments. Sample Space and Algebra of Events (Event space). Relative frequency and Axiomatic definitions of probability. Properties of probability function. Addition theorem of probability function (inclusion-exclusion principle). Geometric probability. Boole's and Bonferroni's inequalities. Conditional probability and Multiplication rule. Theorem of total probability and Bayes' theorem. Pairwise and mutual independence of events. | The first statistics section and the gateway to the remaining eight. Note the limit the syllabus sets on partial and multiple correlation — three variables only. Bayes' theorem and the inclusion-exclusion principle are the two reliable question sources. |
| Section 5 | Univariate Distributions: Definition of random variables. Cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) of a random variable. Discrete and Continuous random variables. Probability mass function (p.m.f.) and Probability density function (p.d.f.) of a random variable. Distribution (c.d.f., p.m.f., p.d.f.) of a function of a random variable using transformation of variable and Jacobian method. Mathematical expectation and moments. Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation, Quantiles, Quartiles, and measures of Skewness and Kurtosis of a probability distribution. Moment generating function (m.g.f.), its properties and uniqueness. Markov and Chebyshev inequalities, and their applications. Degenerate, Bernoulli, Binomial, Negative binomial, Geometric, Poisson, Hypergeometric, Uniform, Exponential, Double exponential, Gamma, Beta (of first and second type), Normal and Cauchy distributions, their properties, interrelations, and limiting (approximation) cases. | Fifteen named distributions in a single clause, and the syllabus asks for their properties, interrelations and limiting cases — not just their formulas. Build one table: p.m.f. or p.d.f., mean, variance, m.g.f., and what each distribution turns into in the limit. |
| Section 6 | Multivariate Distributions: Definition of random vectors. Joint and marginal c.d.f.s of a random vector. Discrete and continuous type random vectors. Joint and marginal p.m.f., joint and marginal p.d.f. Conditional c.d.f., conditional p.m.f. and conditional p.d.f. Independence of random variables. Distribution of functions of random vectors using transformation of variables and Jacobian method. Mathematical expectation of functions of random vectors. Joint moments, Covariance and Correlation. Joint moment generating function and its properties. Uniqueness of joint m.g.f. and its applications. Conditional moments, conditional expectations and conditional variance. Additive properties of Binomial, Poisson, Negative Binomial, Gamma and Normal Distributions using their m.g.f. Multinomial distribution as a generalization of binomial distribution and its properties (moments, correlation, marginal distributions, additive property). Bivariate normal distribution, its marginal and conditional distributions and related properties. | The joint m.g.f. is the tool that makes most of this section routine — additivity, independence and the multinomial all fall out of it. The bivariate normal is the single most examined object here. |
| Section 7 | Limit Theorems: Convergence in probability, convergence in mean square, almost sure convergence, convergence in distribution, and their inter-relations. Weak law of large numbers, Strong law of large numbers, and Central Limit Theorem (i.i.d. and finite variance case). | The shortest statistics section and among the most reliably asked. Four modes of convergence and the implications between them are what the questions test; know which mode implies which, and the standard counterexamples for the arrows that do not hold. |
| Section 8 | Sampling Distributions: Definitions of random sample, parameter and statistic. Sampling distribution of a statistic. Order Statistics: Definition and distribution of the rth order statistic (d.f. and p.d.f. for i.i.d. case for continuous distributions). Distribution (c.d.f., p.m.f., p.d.f.) of smallest and largest order statistics (i.i.d. case for discrete as well as continuous distributions). Central Chi-square distribution: Definition and derivation of p.d.f. of central chi-square distribution with n degrees of freedom (d.f.) using m.g.f. Properties of central chi-square distribution, additive property and limiting form of central chi-square distribution. Central t-distribution: Definition and derivation of p.d.f. of Central t-distribution with n d.f., Properties and limiting form of central t-distribution. Central F-distribution: Definition and derivation of p.d.f. of Central F-distribution with (m, n) d.f. Properties of Central F-distribution, distribution of the reciprocal of F-distribution. Relationship between t, F and chi-square distributions. | Note the word derivation, three times. The syllabus wants the p.d.f. of the chi-square, t and F distributions derived, not quoted — and the relationships between the three are a standing favourite. Order statistics is the other half and is asked as a direct calculation. |
| Section 9 | Estimation: Unbiasedness. Sufficiency of a statistic. Factorization theorem. Complete statistic. Consistency and relative efficiency of estimators. Uniformly Minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE). Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems and their applications. Cramer-Rao inequality and UMVUEs. Methods of Estimation: Method of moments, method of maximum likelihood, invariance of maximum likelihood estimators. Least squares estimation and its applications in simple linear regression models. Confidence intervals and confidence coefficient. Confidence intervals for the parameters of univariate normal, two independent normal, and exponential distributions. | The heaviest statistics section for most candidates. Sufficiency through the factorization theorem, then Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe to reach the UMVUE, is one continuous argument — learn it as a chain, not as four separate results. |
| Section 10 | Testing of Hypotheses: Null and alternative hypotheses (simple and composite), Type-I and Type-II errors. Critical region. Level of significance, size and power of a test, p-value. Most powerful critical regions and most powerful (MP) tests. Uniformly most powerful (UMP) tests. Neyman-Pearson Lemma (without proof) and its applications to construction of MP and UMP tests for parameter of one-parameter parametric families. Likelihood ratio tests for parameters of univariate normal distribution. | The syllabus says the Neyman-Pearson Lemma is examinable without proof, which tells you exactly what is wanted: apply it to build most powerful tests. Practise constructing the critical region for one-parameter families until it is mechanical. |
| Section 11 | Nonparametric Methods: Tests of randomness based on total number of runs. Empirical distribution function. Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample test. One and two sample sign tests. Mann-Whitney test. | A small, closed list of five named tests. Each has a defined statistic and a defined use, and the questions ask which test fits a described situation — so learn them by the situation, not by the formula. |
| Section 12 | Stochastic Processes: Discrete time Markov chain: transition probability matrix, higher order transition probabilities, Markov chain as a graph, Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, classification of states and chains, stability of Markov chain (stationary and limiting distributions). Poisson process and its properties, interarrival and waiting times. | The last section and, for most candidates, the least familiar. Two topics only — discrete-time Markov chains and the Poisson process — and both are heavily procedural, which makes this a good section to secure late in the preparation. |
Geology (GG) — all nine syllabus topics ↑
Geology is the one syllabus of the seven that uses no section numbers at all. It runs as nine named topic blocks across two pages, from The Planet Earth to Applied Geology, and gives each the same visual weight — so the syllabus itself offers no hint about which is heavier.
That absence of numbering is worth noting before you plan: with no stated weighting, the only honest assumption is that all nine are examinable equally. Official wording below is from jam.iitkgp.ac.in/docs/gg_2027_syllabus.pdf.
| Section | What the official syllabus lists | What it covers and how to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1 | The Planet Earth: Origin of the Solar System and the Earth; Internal structure, composition, and age of the Earth; Pressure-temperature-density variations within the Earth; Principles of radiometric dating (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, 14C); Volcanism and volcanic landforms; Earthquakes; Earth's magnetism and gravity, Isostasy; Concepts of Plate Tectonics and orogeny. | The framework topic that the other eight sit inside. Radiometric dating is the calculable part — the syllabus names three systems, so know the parent-daughter pair and the useful age range of each. Plate tectonics then explains most of what the later topics describe. |
| Topic 2 | Geomorphology: Weathering, erosion, deposition; Endogenous and exogenous processes of landform development; Soil formation; River and drainage basin/drainage pattern, network characteristics; Fluvial, aeolian, marine, glacial and karst landforms. | Five landform families named explicitly — fluvial, aeolian, marine, glacial and karst — and questions typically give you a landform and ask for its process, or the reverse. Learn each family as a process-to-feature pair. |
| Topic 3 | Structural Geology: Concept of dip, strike, rake and plunge; Contour lines; Rule of 'V's and outcrop patterns; Interpretation of geological maps; Cross-section construction; Classification and origin of folds, faults, joints, unconformities, foliations and lineations; Stereographic and equal-area projections of planes and lines; Quantitative interpretation of structures, outcrops, and bore-hole data. | The most skill-based topic in the paper: map reading, cross-section drawing and stereonet work are things you do, not things you know. Practise on actual geological maps, because the questions are set as map or bore-hole problems. |
| Topic 4 | Palaeontology: Major stages in the evolution of life forms; Fossils and their mode of preservation; Application of macrofossils in age determination and pale environmental interpretations; Morphology, major evolutionary trends and ages of important groups of invertebrates – Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Trilobita, Echinodermata; Gondwana plant fossils; Vertebrate fossils (Equidae, Proboscidea) in India. | The syllabus names its fossil groups exactly — four invertebrate phyla, Gondwana plants, and two vertebrate families — which turns an open-ended subject into a closed list. Learn each named group's morphology and its age range. |
| Topic 5 | Stratigraphy: Principles of stratigraphy; Litho-, chrono- and bio-stratigraphic classification; Stratigraphic correlation techniques; Archaean cratons of Peninsular India (Dharwar, Singhbhum and Aravalli); Proterozoic mobile belts; Stratigraphy of Cuddapah and Vindhyan basins; Stratigraphy of Paleozoic – Mesozoic of Spiti and Kashmir, Gondwana Supergroup, Jurassic of Kutch, Cretaceous of Trichinopoly, Cenozonic sequences of Assam, Bengal and Siwaliks. | Indian stratigraphy by name: three cratons, two Proterozoic basins, and a list of formations from Spiti to the Siwaliks. This is memory work anchored to a map, so revise it with an outline map of India rather than as prose. |
| Topic 6 | Mineralogy: Symmetry and forms in common crystal classes; Miller indices; Twinning and twinning laws; Isomorphism, polymorphism, solid solution and exsolution; Elements of Optical Mineralogy; Classification, structure, chemistry, physical, and optical properties of common rock-forming minerals. | Crystallography plus optical mineralogy, and the optical half is the one that decides marks — the properties by which you identify a mineral under the microscope are asked directly. Tabulate the rock-forming minerals by their optical properties. |
| Topic 7 | Petrology: Igneous rocks – classification and texture; Forms of igneous bodies; Evolution and diversification of magma; Use of binary systems to understand melting and crystallization behaviour of rocks and magmas; Genesis of common igneous rocks and associations. Sedimentary rocks – classification, texture, and structure; Petrology of sandstone and limestone; Basics of sedimentary environments and facies. Metamorphic rocks – classification and texture; Types of metamorphism; Controls on metamorphism – pressure, temperature and fluids; Concept of projections – ACF, AKF and AFM diagrams; Phase Rule and its applications; Concepts of zones and facies, Characteristic mineral assemblages of pelites in the Barrovian zones and mafic rocks in common facies. | The largest topic in the paper, holding all three rock classes. The metamorphic part is the most technical — ACF, AKF and AFM diagrams and the Barrovian zones are the specific items named, and they are where the harder questions come from. |
| Topic 8 | Economic Geology: Physical properties of common economic minerals; Processes of formations of ore mineral deposits - magmatic concentration, hydrothermal processes, oxidation and supergene sulphide enrichment, residual and mechanical concentration; Mode of occurrence and distribution of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits in India; Ore grade and reserve estimation; Coal and hydrocarbon geology and their Indian occurrences. | Five ore-forming processes named, then the Indian distribution of deposits, then reserve estimation — which is the one calculable clause in the topic. The Indian occurrences are map-and-list learning, like Stratigraphy. |
| Topic 9 | Applied Geology: Basics of groundwater geology; Types of aquifers, porosity and permeability; Groundwater flow; Principles of engineering geology; Geological considerations in construction of dams and tunnels; Basics of remote sensing. | The shortest topic and the last one, covering groundwater, engineering geology and remote sensing in six clauses. Aquifer types with porosity and permeability is the part that produces numerical questions. |
Economics (EN) — all 34 entries across five parts ↑
Economics is the biggest syllabus of the seven — five parts and thirty-four named entries, spanning mathematics, statistics, microeconomics, macroeconomics and the Indian economy. It is also the only paper where two of the five parts are not economics at all.
Plan around the shape rather than the length. Parts 1 and 2 are tools, Parts 3 and 4 are the subject proper and hold eighteen of the thirty-four entries between them, and Part 5 is factual and current. Official wording below is from jam.iitkgp.ac.in/docs/en_2027_syllabus.pdf.
| Section | What the official syllabus lists | What it covers and how to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| Part 1 | Preliminaries and functions: Set theory and number systems; monotonicity and inverse functions; elementary functions: quadratic, polynomial, power, exponential, logarithmic; logarithms and elasticities (log-derivative interpretation); functions of several variables; graphs and level curves; convex set; concavity and quasi-concavity of function; convexity and quasi-convexity of functions; sequences and series: convergence, algebraic properties and applications (including geometric series and basic limits of sequences). | The vocabulary the rest of the paper is written in. Convexity and quasi-concavity are the two ideas that reappear in consumer theory and optimisation, so learn them with pictures — a level curve you can draw beats a definition you can recite. |
| Part 1 | Differential calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability; mean value theorems; Taylor's theorem; partial differentiation; gradient; chain rule; second and higher order derivatives: properties and applications; Hessian; implicit function theorem and application to comparative statics problems; homogeneous and homothetic functions: characterisations and applications. | Watch the phrase comparative statics — that is the syllabus telling you why the implicit function theorem is here. It is the tool that answers how an equilibrium shifts when a parameter moves, which is the standard microeconomics question. |
| Part 1 | Integral calculus: Definite integrals, fundamental theorems, indefinite integrals and applications. | One line, and the shortest entry in the Economics syllabus. It is here because consumer and producer surplus, and present-value calculations, are integrals — so learn it through those applications rather than as pure calculus. |
| Part 1 | Differential equations, and difference equations: First order ordinary equations with applications; steady state/equilibrium and basic stability (including simple phase-diagram intuition where relevant). | The syllabus limits this to first order equations, which keeps it small. What is actually examined is stability — whether a system returns to its steady state — so the phase diagram matters more than the closed-form solution. |
| Part 1 | Linear algebra: Matrix representations and elementary operations; systems of linear equations: properties of their solution; linear independence and dependence; rank; determinants; matrix inverse and conditions for invertibility; eigenvectors and eigenvalues of square matrices (primarily 2x2); basic diagonalization idea (simple cases); symmetric matrices and quadratic forms; definiteness and semidefiniteness of quadratic forms and interpretation stability. | Read the bracket: eigenvalues primarily for 2x2 matrices, diagonalisation only in simple cases. The definiteness of quadratic forms is the part that carries weight, because it is the second-order condition in the optimisation entry that follows. |
| Part 1 | Optimization: Local and global optima: geometric and calculus-based characterisations and applications; multivariate optimization; use of quadratic forms, Hessians in optimization; constrained optimization (equality constraints) and method of Lagrange multiplier; constrained optimization with inequality constraints: Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and complementary slackness (basic form and applications); second order conditions of optima; definiteness and optimality; properties of value function: envelope theorem and applications; linear programming: graphical solution, matrix formulation, duality, economic interpretation. | The largest mathematics entry and the one that pays off everywhere else — utility maximisation, cost minimisation and profit maximisation are all this machinery. The KKT conditions and the envelope theorem are the two items candidates most often meet for the first time here. |
| Part 2 | Descriptive Statistics: Different types of Charts and diagrams; Frequency Distribution; Measures of Central Tendency; Measures of Dispersion; Moments, Skewness, Kurtosis; Index Numbers. | Straightforward and quick, with one item that is easy to miss: index numbers, which connect directly to the CPI and GDP deflator in Macroeconomics. Do not skip them because the rest of the entry felt like school revision. |
| Part 2 | Probability Theory: Random experiment, events, and sample space; Classical and axiomatic definitions of probability; Theorems of probability; Repeated trials and drawing with and without replacement; Conditional probability, independent events, and Bayes' theorem; Random variable and its probability distribution; Markov's inequality; Chebyshev's inequality; Expectation, variance, and other higher order moments of a random variable; Moment Generating Function; Bernoulli trials; Binomial, Poisson, Hypergeometric, Uniform, and Normal distributions with concepts of probability mass and probability density functions; Chi-square, Student's t-, and F-distributions, with their relation with Normal distribution; Joint distribution of random variables, conditional distributions, and their properties. | The heaviest statistics entry, and it overlaps closely with the Mathematical Statistics paper — useful to know if you are considering both. The three sampling distributions and their relation to the normal are the standard question. |
| Part 2 | Mathematical Statistics: Random sampling and its different types; Concept of sampling distribution; Method of Estimation with the concepts of estimator and estimate; Confidence intervals vs. point and interval estimations; Properties of Estimators: Unbiasedness, Efficiency, and Consistency; Law of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorem. | Inference begins here. The three named estimator properties — unbiasedness, efficiency, consistency — are asked as definitions and as judgements about a given estimator, so practise both directions. |
| Part 2 | Hypothesis Testing: Concepts of Parameter vs. statistic; Null and Alternative Hypotheses; Concepts of test statistic and its distribution; Concept of p-value; Type I and Type II errors and computation of their probabilities; Size and Power of a test; Comparing two population characteristics on the basis of randomly drawn samples from them. | The syllabus asks for the computation of Type I and Type II error probabilities, not just their definitions — that phrase is the difference between a two-mark answer and a lost mark. Two-sample comparison is the applied end of the entry. |
| Part 2 | Correlation and Regression: Correlation and types of correlation; Nature of regression analysis; Method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) vis-a-vis Method of Moments vis-a-vis Maximum Likelihood estimations; CLRM assumptions, statistical properties of OLS estimators and hypothesis testing; Gauss-Markov Theorem and concept of Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE); Goodness of fit. | This is econometrics in miniature. The CLRM assumptions and what each one buys you — and what breaks when it fails — is the heart of it; Gauss-Markov and BLUE are the standard theory question. |
| Part 3 | Consumer theory: Preferences, utility and representation theorem; budget constraint; choice; demand (ordinary and compensated); demand elasticities; Slutsky equation; revealed preference axioms. | The Slutsky equation is the entry's centre of gravity — decomposing a price change into substitution and income effects is asked in almost every form, algebraic and graphical. Compensated demand only makes sense once that decomposition does. |
| Part 3 | Theory of production and cost: Production technology; short run and long run; production functions with one and more inputs; isoquants; returns to scale; short run and long run costs; cost curves in the short run and long run. | The mirror image of consumer theory, built on the same optimisation. Returns to scale and the relationship between short-run and long-run cost curves are the two things asked most; be able to derive one curve from the other. |
| Part 3 | Perfect competition and partial equilibrium: Profit maximization; individual and market supply; market equilibrium; consumer and producer surplus; government intervention in perfectly competitive markets: commodity taxes, subsidies, MSP, price ceilings and floors. | The policy clause is the examinable part: taxes, subsidies, MSP, ceilings and floors are all welfare-analysis questions in disguise. Practise drawing the deadweight loss for each intervention rather than describing it. |
| Part 3 | General equilibrium and welfare: Equilibrium and efficiency under pure exchange and production; the two theorems of welfare economics. | A short entry with two named theorems at its end, and those theorems are what get asked. Know precisely what each one claims and, more importantly, the assumptions under which it fails. |
| Part 3 | Introductory Game theory: Strategic-form games; dominant and dominated strategies; iterated elimination of dominated strategies; best response; pure and mixed strategy Nash equilibrium; sequential-move games (finite horizon); backward induction; subgame perfect equilibrium. | Pure procedure, which makes it high-scoring. Mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium and backward induction are the two calculations to be able to run without hesitation; the rest is setting the game up correctly. |
| Part 3 | Imperfect competition and market structure: Monopoly; pricing with market power; price discrimination (first, second and third degrees); monopolistic competition; oligopoly models—Cournot, Bertrand and Stackelberg. | Three named oligopoly models and three degrees of price discrimination — a closed list you can finish completely. Cournot and Bertrand give opposite answers to the same question, and knowing why is a common exam point. |
| Part 3 | Market failure and government policy: Externalities (Pigouvian taxes and subsidies); public goods (Samuelson condition, Lindahl pricing); asymmetric information: adverse selection and moral hazard (basic notions). | The syllabus names its results — Pigouvian taxes, the Samuelson condition, Lindahl pricing — which tells you the level: know each result and the market failure it repairs. Adverse selection and moral hazard are capped at basic notions. |
| Part 4 | National income accounting: Key concepts and measurement; circular flow of income (closed and open economy); nominal vs real GDP; GDP deflator; GDP and welfare. | The measurement vocabulary for everything that follows in Macroeconomics. The nominal-versus-real distinction and the GDP deflator are asked as small numerical questions, so be comfortable converting between the two. |
| Part 4 | Consumption and saving: Keynesian consumption (short run and long run); absolute income, permanent income and life-cycle hypotheses; two-period model of consumption. | Four competing theories of the same behaviour, and the exam usually asks you to tell them apart. The two-period model is the algebraic version and is where intertemporal choice questions come from. |
| Part 4 | Production Function: Cobb-Douglas Production Function, Total Factor Productivity, Technological Progress, Return to Scale, Cost Functions. | A compact entry built around one function. Be able to do everything with Cobb-Douglas by hand — factor shares, returns to scale, and the growth-accounting residual — because it reappears in the long-run growth entry. |
| Part 4 | Labour Demand, Labour Supply, Investment: Profit Maximization under Perfect Competition, Labour Demand, Capital Demand and Investment, Labour Supply through Consumption-Leisure Framework, Structural, Frictional and Search Unemployment, Unemployment Rate, Aggregate Supply/Lucas Supply Curve. | The consumption-leisure framework is the tool to master here, because labour supply questions are set as a household optimisation. The three named types of unemployment are definitional marks — do not lose them. |
| Part 4 | Unemployment and Inflation: CPI/Cost of Living Index, Inflation Rate, Causes and Costs of Inflation, Aggregate Supply/Lucas Supply Curve and Phillips Curve. | The Phillips curve, and the difference between its short-run and long-run forms, is the whole examinable core here. Link it back to the Lucas supply curve named in the previous entry — the syllabus repeats it deliberately. |
| Part 4 | Money Supply and Money Demand: Definition and roles of money; monetary Base; fiat vs. commodity money, fractional reserve banking, balance Sheet of Central Bank and commercial banks, money supply, deposit creation, money multiplier, monetary policy Tools (open market operations, reserve requirements, discount rate); quantity theory of money, Keynesian liquidity preference theory, Baumol-Tobin Model, Tobin's speculative demand for money; seigniorage; optimal monetary policy (rules vs. discretion). | One of the two largest macroeconomics entries, split cleanly into supply and demand halves. The money multiplier is the standard calculation; the Baumol-Tobin model is the standard theory question on the demand side. |
| Part 4 | Asset Pricing: Bonds, and Stock Pricing, Gordon Growth Model of Stocks Price, Tobin's q and Investment, Risk Structure and Term Structure of Interest Rate, Yield Curve. | Finance inside the macroeconomics syllabus. The Gordon growth model and Tobin's q are both single formulas with clear intuitions, and the yield curve connects straight to the term structure clause beside it. |
| Part 4 | Fiscal policy (based on two-period models): Government budget constraint; revenues, expenditures and deficits; distortionary vs non-distortionary taxes; Laffer curve; Ricardian equivalence. | Note the bracket — the syllabus sets this entry in two-period models, so the questions are algebraic rather than descriptive. Ricardian equivalence, and the conditions under which it breaks, is the reliable question. |
| Part 4 | Income determination and policy in the short run: Goods and money market equilibrium; IS-LM; classical vs Keynesian models; aggregate demand; fiscal and monetary multipliers; liquidity trap/zero lower bound; Fisher equation and real interest rate; Taylor rule and principle; simple dynamic AD-AS and stability. | IS-LM is the workhorse of the short-run half and the source of most policy questions. Learn to shift both curves for any named policy and to read off what happens to output and the interest rate. |
| Part 4 | Long-run growth: Stylized facts, Kaldor facts; Harrod-Domar model; Solow model with population and technology growth; convergence (conditional/absolute); golden rule; dynamic inefficiency of Solow model; growth accounting and Solow residual; endogenous growth (AK model); poverty trap. | The Solow model dominates this entry, and the golden rule plus convergence are its two most-asked consequences. Growth accounting connects back to Cobb-Douglas, so revise the two together. |
| Part 4 | Open economy macroeconomics: GNP; Balance of payments (trade balance, current account, financial account); current account in an intertemporal (two-period) framework; nominal and real exchange rates; fixed, flexible and dirty floating exchange rates; interest parity and capital market integration; impossible trinity; purchasing power parity, Big Mac index, PPP-adjusted exchange rate; Mundell-Fleming model. | The last macroeconomics entry and the widest. The impossible trinity and the Mundell-Fleming model are the two results everything else supports; purchasing power parity with the Big Mac index is the entry's one memorable illustration. |
| Part 5 | Introduction and features: Changing structure of the Indian economy. Changing paradigms of Development Strategies and Economic Reforms. | The Indian Economy section is where the paper stops being model-driven and starts asking about facts and policy history. This opening entry is the frame: what changed structurally, and which development strategy replaced which. |
| Part 5 | Poverty, Inequality, Inflation and Unemployment: Various concepts and estimates of poverty; Income inequality; Problem of unemployment; Interface between growth, poverty and employment; Inclusive growth and Human Development; Sustainable Development Goals—Targets for Decent Employment, reduction in Poverty, and Inequality. Inflation targeting and use of monetary and fiscal policy. | The largest entry in the Indian Economy section. The syllabus names concepts and estimates of poverty, which means the measurement debate matters as much as the numbers; inflation targeting is the current-policy clause. |
| Part 5 | Demographic Issues: Demographic trends, size and structure of population; Health and Education; Skill challenges and demographic dividends; Sustainable Development Goals—Targets for Greater Wellbeing and Better Human Capital. | Population as an economic variable. The demographic dividend and the skill gap that decides whether it is realised is the argument this entry is really about, and it is usually asked as an argument, not as data. |
| Part 5 | Perspectives in Agriculture, Industry and Services: Agricultural growth performance and food security, Industrial investment and growth, Service sector in India's growth process. | Three sectors in three clauses. The examinable thread is India's unusual growth path — a services-led economy that did not pass through a large manufacturing phase — so compare the sectors rather than learning them separately. |
| Part 5 | External Sector and Issues in Indian Public Finance: Foreign trade and trade policy; Foreign Exchange Reserves and exchange rate, Indian Union Budget and fiscal policy. | The closing entry of the Economics syllabus, and the one most tied to current events — trade policy, reserves and the Union Budget change every year. Read the latest Economic Survey alongside a textbook here. |
What the official documents do not state — and we will not invent ↑
Everything above comes from jam.iitkgp.ac.in: the seven syllabus PDFs, the syllabus and test pattern page, the test schedule page and the eligibility criteria page. Those documents define scope and structure. They do not answer every question a candidate has, and the honest thing is to name the gaps rather than fill them with a confident guess.
For each item below, the official website and the application portal at joaps.iitb.ac.in are the only sources worth trusting. A coaching page that states one of these confidently is stating an estimate.
- The application fee. No amount is published on any of the pages read for this article. The document-requirements page refers to the application fee when it warns that a rejected photograph brings no refund — so a fee exists — but the figure itself is not stated there.
- The number of questions in a paper, the marks per question, and the total marks. The test pattern page names the three sections and their question types and stops. Any question-count table you see elsewhere is somebody's reconstruction from an earlier year.
- How much a wrong answer costs in Section A. The page says negative marking is applicable for incorrect answers, and does not state the fraction deducted.
- Whether Section C carries negative marking. The page states the position for Section A and for Section B, and says nothing either way for Section C.
- The list of participating institutes and the postgraduate programmes on offer. The home page advertises 3,000 Seats across programmes offered by the participating IITs without naming them on that page.
- Any cut-off or qualifying mark. Cut-offs depend on the number of seats and on how candidates perform, and are published only after the examination.
- Age limit, attempt limit or a minimum percentage. The eligibility page states none of these. It says the required eligibility is specified by the respective Admitting Institute.
- The list of examination cities. The home page links a separate examination cities page for that, and states only that there are no international centres for JAM 2027 examination.
- Which degree qualifies you for which paper. JAM does not tie a paper to a degree on the eligibility page; the subject requirement, where one exists, belongs to the admitting institute's own programme.
Important Links
FAQ — Your Questions, Answered
Where do I check the IIT syllabus?
On jam.iitkgp.ac.in — the direct link is in the Important Links section of this page. Checking an admit card, result, answer key or syllabus is always free.
Is this the official syllabus?
This page is compiled from IIT's official release, but the final word is the official PDF on jam.iitkgp.ac.in — build your preparation on that document.
How reliable is this information?
We compile this from the official update and link the official source (jam.iitkgp.ac.in), but always confirm the final details there before you act — dates and details can change.
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